This book is the first in-depth study of the art historical importance of Kang Youwei (1858-1927). The most prominent constitutional monarchist who served as advisor to Emperor Guangxu, he is discussed in previous scholarship largely as a political figure. Less well known are his achievements in calligraphy and calligraphy theory (he wrote the most comprehensive and widely-read guide to the Stele School in his day), and in his efforts to make art a powerful instrument for national transformation. He advocated East-West synthesis, more specifically, the adoption of Renaissance plasticity and Song Dynasty verisimilitude. His impact on East-West syncretism (including Japanese art) in portraiture, horse painting, and bird-and-flower painting, was extensive, long-lasting, and controversial. Besides providing an objective assessment of Kang's legacy, this book offers a rare integrated study of Chinese calligraphy, painting, and art theory of the twentieth century.