State engagements in the handicraft sector -- The Qing central government institutions in control of the handicrafts -- The rise, decline, and reinforcement of the crafts in the service of the state -- Government shipbuilding -- Private shipbuilding, private and government cooperation, and procurement prices -- The shipbuilding workforce employed by the state and private workshops and enterprises -- Printing in the service of the state -- Private printing, private and government cooperation, and the printing workforce -- The artisan's place : the 'four occupational groups' and the social position of craftspeople -- Merchant and craft guilds.