Machine generated contents note: INTRODUCTION -- Shang Yang and His Times -- The Text: History, Dating, Style -- The Ideology of the Total State -- The Text's Reception and Impact -- THE BOOK OF LORD SHANG -- Notes on Translation -- Revising the Laws -- Orders to Cultivate Wastelands -- Agriculture and Warfare -- Eliminating the Strong -- With 20. Weakening the People -- And 5. Explaining the People -- Calculating the Land -- Opening the Blocked -- Speaking of the One -- Implementing Laws -- Methods of War -- Establishing the Roots -- Military Defense -- Making Orders Strict -- Cultivation of Authority -- Attracting the People -- Essentials of Punishments -- Rewards and Punishments -- Charting the Policies -- Within the Borders -- See chapter 4 -- Protecting from Robbers -- External and Internal -- Ruler and Ministers -- Interdicting and Encouraging -- Attention to Law -- Fixing Divisions.